3^rd Annual Congress on Pollution and Global Warming October 16-18, 2017 Atlanta,Georgia, USA

Hammed Taiwo Babatunde is a Lecturer in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. He has Bachelor’s degree in Environmental Management and Toxicology from the University Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State and Master’s degree in Public Health (Environmental Health) from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. He has worked in different capacities with NGOs that deal with environmental sanitation and management since 1998. He was also awarded Roy F. Weston Award, Widener University, USA in April 2016 in recognition of his contributions to the field of solid waste technology and management. He is currently attending a Post-Doctoral Fellowship under Climate Impacts Research Capacity Leadership Enhancement (CIRCLE) program at Institute for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Nairobi, Kenya. His research interests span areas such as: solid waste recycling (composting, material recovery and biogas). He has published in both local and international journals 

Global warming has become a matter of public concern in the last few years and quantity of the greenhouse gas produced by human activities has been predominating over that of natural origin. This study adopts a quasi-experimental design, comprising mixed method of data collection such as semi-structured questionnaire and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model for calculating greenhouse gas generation potentials of various solid waste components and management practices of litters generated at Kube Atenda community in Ibadan, Oyo State. A systematic random sampling was used to select sixty (60) households and respondents (household heads) for the survey and training on waste to wealth and energy recovery from waste. The questionnaire was administered in order to assess respondents’ levels of knowledge, attitude and practices of waste management practices through recovery, reduction, reuse and recycling (4Rs) before and after the training. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) at the study areas was measured with the use of calibrated digital meters including P-Sense Plus CO2, CH4 and NO2 AZ-7755 meter. Litter management practices and GHG emission potential would be estimated using the greenhouse gas conversion and correction factors developed by U.S EPA for Waste Reduction Model (WARM) and IPCC, 2006 guidelines. The findings from this study would be of great benefit to the public and it is expected that, at the end of this study, there would be behavioral change of the community members towards litter management practices that promote climate change mitigation and adaptation through waste reduction, reuse, resource recovery, green growth, clean environment, poverty reduction, improved health and self-esteem. With the intervention, the community would have become a role model in the country and the transformation would surely arouse the interest of policy makers across the world to think locally and act globally. 

T Anitha holds Doctorate degree in Environment Biotechnology from Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, India. She has worked for baseline data collection studies in the coastal environment of Koodankulam in association with board of research in nuclear science, Department of Atomic Energy, India. Currently she is In-Charge, Environment Lab of V V Mineral. She has her expertise in environment monitoring and management after serving for about 15 years in V V Mineral Environment Lab

According to EPA, 21% of global greenhouse gas emission is from industry sector and mining sector is one of the major emitters of greenhouse gases. Scientists are certain that climate change effects are expected to increase in the coming decades and urge nations to implement mitigation measures. Implementation of green technology at industrial level reduces global warming, greenhouse effect, pollution and climate change. Present study aims to explore the importance of green mining of garnet and garnet based abrasive water jet cutting in reducing greenhouse gas emission and climate change effects. M/s V.V. Mineral implemented two common sense steps manual mining and solar drying to address the challenge of climate change in mining and beneficiation of garnet. The case study finding shows manual mining operation adopted by M/s V.V. Mineral for garnet sand mining is green and completely reduced the emission of 0.893-1.19 kg CO2/ton sand, normally emitted through mechanized mining process practiced in the area. Implementation of solar drying in the beneficiation process results in elimination of 29.67-32.36 Kg CO2 emission by every ton of sand dried in fossil fuel based driers. Garnet is the commonly used abrasive around the world. Garnet based abrasive water jet cutting is an environment friendly green process. Since it is a cold process, all materials can cut without fuel combustion and heat generation process. This paper highlights the advantages of replacing thermal cutting process by garnet based abrasive water jet cutting in mineral fabrication sector to reduce air pollution in the form of fumes and gases and reduces CO2 emission and global warming.

Maria Luisa Baiño-Salingay is an Associate Professor of Chemistry in University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP), Philippines. She has obtained her BS in Chemistry from Xavier University, Ateneo de Cagayan as an Academic Scholar of the University and Pilipinas KAO (Kao Global Chemicals, Japan). She is a licensed Chemist and trained as CSSO by US Department of State. She has earned MS in Physical Sciences major in Chemistry minor in Physics at USTP and MSc in Water Management at UNESCO-IHE, Netherlands. She has completed her PhD studies in IHE-Delft and TU Delft, Netherlands 

Agriculture expansion in developing countries, like Philippines and Vietnam, where unproductive uplands were converted to fast cash crops has affected the environment and human health. Agricultural expansion, not only adversely affected the biodiversity but increased surface run-off from the agricultural areas, bringing agricultural waste, including residual pesticides. Pesticide contamination brought by surface runoff is a major concern as precipitation is more intense and frequent due to climate change. The importance of these pesticides are well recognized and fully understood, that these are developed with strict guidelines for very reasonable purpose. But the application and management of pesticides should be done with precautionary measures to minimize the negative impacts on human and environmental health if misused or overused. The major concern of this study is that harmful effects of pesticides are not fully understood by the end users, the farmers. Because of lack of awareness and knowledge, it is also unknown to many that even small concentrations of the banned pesticide can lead to serious health impacts because it persists and biomagnifies in the food chain and human body. Since research studies on the harmful effect of pesticides on public health are limited,

especially on chronic effects of long-term exposure. This research aimed to bridge the gap of knowledge in the health implications of pesticide exposure in human by first getting their own perception on pesticide contamination not only to the farmers but also to communities surrounding these agricultural areas using surface water for domestic water source. This study conducted survey on pesticide applications and management, knowledge on both the positive and negative effects and health awareness on both farmers and surrounding communities. The results will then be used to assess the extent of pesticides human exposure of these research areas using international accepted model software. 

Jenifer J Gabla has obtained her MSc degree in Organic Chemistry, in the year 2013 from Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Gujarat. She is currently pursuing her PhD in the area of solid acid catalyzed multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of biologically active drug molecules, at Applied Chemistry Department (ACD), S V National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) under the guidance of Kalpana Maheria, Assistant Professor & Head, ACD, SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat, India. Her research focuses on development of novel zeolite based catalytic materials and exploring their utility in the green process development for the synthesis of medicinal compounds. She has presented her research in several national and international conferences. 

The mesoporous zeolite BEA (MZB or BEA/MCM-41 composite) material with bimodal pore structure, acidity and surface area has been synthesized by using zeolite BEA as silica-alumina source. The material was characterized by various techniques such as powder SAXS/WAXS, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, NH3-TPD, ICP-OES, TGA-DTA, FT-IR, Pyridine IR, SEM, TEM, 27Al and 29Si NMR. Powder SAXS/WAXS showed the existence of well-structured microphase of zeolite BEA and mesophase of MCM-41 in the composite materials. In addition, the significant improvement in the catalytic properties of MZB material was investigated for the synthesis of various biologically active compounds through multi-component reactions (MCRs). The MZB material display excellent activity towards the synthesis of 2,4,5-triphenyl-1(H)-imidazoles and 1-benzyl-2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazoles through MCRs in high yield within shorter reaction time and with low catalyst loading as compared to the microporous zeolite H-BEA. Solvent-free protocol makes the process environmentally benign and economically viable. The present protocol will serve as green tool and opens a new avenue in the area of environmentally benign synthesis of biologically active drug like molecules. 

Eren Cifci has completed his MA from College of Business Administration, Kent University. He wrote his MA thesis on Labor Economics. He as MS student is currently doing research in Environmental Economics at Georgia Institute of Technology School of Economics. He also would like to pursue his PhD in Economics

The nexus between economic growth and the environment has long been a key topic in economic and policy research. It is well understood that economic growth leads to environmental degradation in the early stages of development. However, when the current presidential administration declared that the United States would rescind its participation in the Paris Agreement on climate change despite its status as one of the leading countries in the Agreement, a debate reemerged about the effectiveness of climate agreements in curbing GHG emissions at the expense of economic growth. This work responds to this revitalized debate by reassessing the empirical link between economic growth, GHG emissions, and international climate agreements. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is considered by many as the most significant international collaboration in the fight against climate change. However, few studies on the link between economic growth and the environment control for the effect of the UNFCCC on reducing GHG emissions; therefore, empirical estimates of the impact of growth on emissions may not fully reflect the effectiveness of international climate agreements. To our knowledge, our study is the first to examine this important relationship. Specifically, we utilize a difference-in-differences (DID) model to examine growth and GHG emissions in Annex-I countries and non-Annex I G20 countries before and after the Kyoto Protocol was signed, as a proxy for the effect of UNFCCC on emissions reductions. Additionally, unlike most existing growth and environment studies, which only use carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as a proxy for environmental degradation, we use a broader measure of emissions which includes CO2, methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), other and F-gases. We control for serial correlation, heterogeneity, and other potential endogeneity problems. Preliminary results indicate that the Kyoto Protocol agreement led to a statistically significant reduction in GHG emissions. 

Agham Delphine Tanyi a cameroonian citizen. Hodler of a master degree in natural resources and environmental management from the University of Buea, born on 21st january 1987. He is serving as the project coordinator in an Ngo called Association For Community Awareness. HIS Ngo is presently working on Hiv/Stigma, peace building, care of vulnerable children and orphans and environmental protection. He is so much passionate about improving on the social, educational and health status of both vulnerable children and orphans. Also his passion is improving on the water conditions within local community of poor water conditions 

Climate change is a major environmental challenge to the world today, with significant threats to ecosystems, food security, water resources and economic stability overall. Global energy consumption is dramatically increasing due to our quest for a higher living standard and increasing world population. In Cameroon, like many developing nations, the causes of air pollution are legion: aggravated bush burning, combustion, gas flaring, improper disposal of domestic and industrial wastes; pollution through oil spillage; car exhausts, unsanitary and unsafe housing, quarrying etc. Most of our energy comes from fossil fuel and burning of these fossil fuels causes environmental problems and in particular global warming. Changing environmental conditions, including rising temperatures caused by climate change, causes high levels of ozone that can affect the respiratory system and increases morbidity and mortality, particularly in sensitive groups of the population. More than 4.6 million people die every year due to air pollution and most is attributed to indoor pollution. Indoor air pollution is one of the most overlooked threats to human health, affectin young children who spend an estimated 80% of their time indoors. Studies released in the past few years clearly demonstrates that poor indoor air quality not only increases asthma symptoms but can also be responsible for headaches, fatigue, nausea, allergic reactions, hormone imbalances and liver, kidney or central nervous system damage. Ozone concentrations are highly dependent on environmental conditions, including temperature and it is thought to be likely that long-term changes in climate will affect levels of future ozone pollution. Instead of tackling these problems of climate change separately, there are technological solutions that address both concerns at the same time: for example, switching from fossil fuels to renewable forms of energy cuts down on air pollution emissions, (eg particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxides), whilst simultaneously reducing emissions of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2). 

Mouako Djeumako Boris is a Technology Enthusiast, who has set himself the goal of designing and making available to African agriculture technologies adapted to the socio-technical context in order to enable farmers to increase the value chain and ensure the good health of consumers. He also conducts research in the fields of hybrid power supplies that can combine biogas with solar energy and optimize the energy efficiency of equipment and buildings thanks to smart systems.

The Jatropha curcas has been identified as an oleaginous plant with an oil content of about 45%. Different studies have shown that a transesterification of this oil makes it possible to obtain biodiesel. The project involved the design and manufacture of an oilseed press and the design of winnowing equipment and a transesterification unit to convert Jatropha into biodiesel. Seeds of Jatropha curcas selected from the northern regions of Cameroon as part of the ESA project were distributed to farmers in Ngaoundere to popularize this plant in Adamaoua. The main long-term objective is the establishment of a biofuel pilot unit; this unit will be duplicated across Africa to contribute to bridging the energy deficit of our continent, through this renewable energy source. In the same way, it will contribute to the reforestation of the continent, especially in the arid zones. In perspective we also plan the design and manufacture of fireplaces adapted to this fuel to offer rural women an alternative to the use of wood for cooking as is customary in Africa. 

Gnanasangeetha D is currently pursuing her Doctoral studies on “Green Synthesis and Water Treatment” from one of the top most universities named Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. She has knowledge about applying characterization techniques like XRD, SEM, TEM, PSA FT-IR and UV. Her research interest is modeling of zinc oxide nanoparticle embedded in activated silica for water remediation of arsenic (III) ions from herbal plants. Her quest for knowledge on Chemistry made her to participate in many Faculty Development Programmes and presented relevant papers in international conferences. A profound treatise on the subject matter makes her to publish 21 papers which were Scopus and Thomson Reuters indexed with 108 citations in Google scholar, h-index 4 and i10- index 3 

Fabrication of benevolent zinc oxide nanoparticle entrenched on activated silica (ZnO-NPs-AS-Cs) without calcination by green synthesis method using aqueous leaf extract of Corriandrum sativum. The method involved the use of zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn (CH3 COO)2. 2H2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a precursor and phytoconstituents played manifold roles as promoter, stabilizer and template for synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle. Adsorption behavior of benign adsorbents was applied to Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin, and BET isotherm which afford the surface properties of the adsorbent and its affinity for adsorbate. Data correctly fits Langmuir isotherm than Freundlich, Tempkin and BET isotherm proving monolayer and homogenous surface of adsorption with R2=0.968. Artificial neural network supports the linearity of the kinetic plots fitting pseudo-second order model with R2=0.732 obeying chemisorption.