3^rd Annual Congress on Pollution and Global Warming October 16-18, 2017 Atlanta,Georgia, USA

Hector M Guevara is the Founder, Chairman of the Board, and President of various corporations, including NuEnergy Group, Inc., previously a Public Company, trading on the OTC, and now being held inactive (operations/trading stopped). He has devoted the past 35 years to the research and development of renewable energy systems. His companies designed and or produced many of the most notable solar, wind, and hydroelectric systems deployed throughout the world. The results of his research and development have been assigned to his new Florida Corporation; NuEnergy Technologies Corp. He is a patent and co-patent holder in various sustainable energy and propulsion technologies. He has also been the recipient of various grants from Federal Govt. Agencies, e.g., NASA/SATOP, DOE (SBIR), United Nation’s UNICEF, and others.

Statement of the Problem: Our dependence on fossil fuels as the source for the world’s current primary energy production methods has led to the increasing environmental degradation of our living planet through global warming, and to a growing systemic mentality of scarcity, lack, fear, aggression and imperialism. I believe the fossil fuel source of energy has now begun to peak as the world’s main source of energy. Regrettably, therefore, in the name of our “National Interest”, invading other countries, for control of their oil and gas, and the killing of a large number of earth’s inhabitants is justified under the “cloak” of combating world-wide terrorism by force. Too few of us have learned that force simply begets more force. As above noted, respectively, an increase in the world’s population and its multiple industrial endeavors, combined with climate change, has resulted in an inevitable shortage of fresh, clean water in our world. Our demands on the Earth’s fresh water resources are exceeding the rate at which they can be replenished through Mother Nature’s natural mechanisms. As a result, aquifers and surface water sources that were once thought to be able to supply an unending source of fresh water are drying up at an alarming rate. Water shortages, which were also once thought to be only an issue in under-developed countries, are now a reality being faced by most of the world. The extent of potable water shortage is expected to increase as the world’s population continues to grow, and our demand, on this

precious resource, continues to increase. NuEnergy Technologies’ Power House Generator presents a solution to this multi-faceted problem. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: It is not broadly known that free energy technology along with the production of gargantuan volumes of potable water has been developed and suppressed for over a century and we need not be dependent on non-renewable energy for a moment longer in order to produce power or invest in multi-billion dollar desalinization and water treatment plants to satisfy our world’s

collective need for the elixir of life, Potable Water. NuEnergy Technologies’ Power House Generator presents a solution to this multi-faceted problem through the cavitation of water to produce the high pressure steam which turns our high efficiency Boundary Layer Turbine to produce power and the distillation and UV hydrogenation of our water recovery system to produce clean potable water. Findings: It seems almost insidious that we would not have come up with, by now, an affordable way of desalinating sea water. Those with a vested interest in the use of fossil fuels for meeting our energy dependence may have indirectly, or directly, suppressed such a development. Moreover, as you, the reader, probably know, the use of Reverse Osmosis, Forward Osmosis, Electrocoagulation, and other technologies used for the removal of those sodium chloride atoms and brine from sea water are relatively quite expensive. Till now! NuEnergy’s Powerhouse Generator & Pure Water System will do this separation and the input power will be at a fraction of the cost of other technologies, and compared to any other known system. Besides, as previously noted, the process of producing the voluminous pure water from sea water will be a byproduct of producing electricity from our Powerhouse Generator.

Essam E Khalil is the Associate Professor of Mech Engineering in (1982). He is the Chairman of the National Ventilation Code Committee in (2005). He is the Consultant Editor of the Arabic Program of McGraw Hill Book Company(1983-1988). He is the Ashare Director –At-Large,USA,2016-2019.

Energy-efficient building codes are meant to guide building designers, construction managers and real estate operators in promoting best energy efficiency practices in the construction industry. The built environment is designed as a shelter for humans as well as a filter to control environmentally undesirable conditions. Building technology also involves carbon emissions during the transport of materials and the generation of electricity used for most buildings’ applications. Building energy codes and labeling can significantly reduce such carbon emissions. To improve living conditions in built environments, thermal management is applied through air-conditioning and refrigeration technologies. Some hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), now being used as refrigerants, have a high global warming potential (GWP). All countries must keep their commitments under the Paris Agreement to pursue aggressive cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, even with full implementation, global temperatures will likely increase by 2 to 4.5 degrees Celsius. The best and quickest way to prevent climate destabilization is to cut back emissions of super climate pollutants that make a disproportionate contribution to global warming despite being produced in much smaller quantities than carbon dioxide. These include ground-level ozone and black carbon soot from sources such

as power plants and diesel engines, as well as methane (often from natural gas systems and agriculture) and HFC refrigerants used in airconditioning and other cooling systems. The October 2016 Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, has now committed all Parties to phasing down HFC use. These four super pollutants are between 28 and 4,000 times more potent than carbon dioxide as climate warmers. And because some are short-lived, slowing their release into the atmosphere can curb warming quickly. Naturally occurring refrigerants are one type of alternatives to fluorocarbon refrigerants. Natural refrigerants include carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrocarbons which have zero ozone depletion potential (ODP). These refrigerants have a broad range of application, including in cold storage and freezing as well as commercial and industrial refrigeration. Although natural refrigerants have been used for more than 100 years, they are more relevant today than ever before. Given the need for refrigerants having low GWP, the use of natural refrigerants can improve the environmental performance of refrigeration systems. Building codes comprise instructions for designing and implementing air-conditioning and refrigeration systems, but should also include requirements to address flammability issues and explosion risks. Building systems designers should balance the use of low-GWP with non-ozone depleting substances (ODS) in aiming for an energy-efficient built environment. 

Gabor Patonay is the Professor of Analytical Chemistry at Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. He obtained his MS and PhD degrees from the Technical University of Budapest, Hungary. In 1982, he left Hungary and joined Professor Isiah Warner’s group at Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA. He joined the faculty of Georgia State University (GSU) in 1987, where he is currently Professor. He spent his years at GSU focusing on NIR fluorescence related research developing new bioanalytical and biomedical applications using NIR probes and labels. His recent research interests include bioanalytical and biological applications of fluorescent silica nanoparticles. He has published over 200 papers and is the Editor-in-Chief for Analytical Chemistry Insights   

Fluorescence spectroscopic applications often require the use of extrinsic fluorophores when intrinsic fluorescence of the molecule of

interest is weak or in a spectral region that is prone to interference in the matrix. Introducing extrinsic fluorophores in the molecule of interest may require chemistry that utilizes reagent that is less environmentally friendly. Fluorescence intensity of a single molecular label can be relatively weak requiring larger amount of chemicals. All these concerns may be alleviated by encapsulating fluorophores in silica nanoparticles. Silica nanoparticles are biologically and environmentally friendly and can be designed for many applications. Covalently copolymerized dyes in silica nanoparticles are free from leaching. Even non-covalently encapsulated dyes are often virtually leached free. The outside of the silica nanoparticles can be designed for any labeling chemistry. The encapsulated dye can serve as a simple reporting label or as a sophisticated molecular probe. Due to the large number of dye molecules that can be encapsulated in a single silica nanoparticle the

number of labels needed for detection is very small requiring minimal amount of chemicals. Silica nanoparticles synthesis is conducive for the introduction of covalently copolymerized fluorescent dyes by using modified TEOS reactive analogues that are widely available. The outside layer of the silica nanoparticle surface can serve as chemical reagent or sensor. For example we can change the hydrophobicity or pH sensitivity of the silica nanoparticle surface this way. This study reports how surface properties of fluorescence silica nanoparticles were modified by adding hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules to achieve biocompatibility. Surface hydrophobicity controlled fluorescent silica nanoparticles are excellent for the detection of latent fingerprints. Surface modified silica nanoparticles can be utilized in capillary electro chromatography using amino acid-bonded silica nanoparticles as pseudostationary phases for chiral separations. Copolymerization of multiple dyes or other molecules will also be discussed.

Eckhardt Alexander graduated in Biology (MSc) from Regensburg University, Germany, where he also earned his PhD. Since 2012, he has been a Toxicologist at the German Environment Agency (UBA). Currently, he is working on the evaluation of chemicals in drinking-water, with a special focus on anthropogenic micropollutants. His expertise brought him into the Chemicals Working Group for WHO’s Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality

Introduction: Back in 2003, a theoretical concept for assessing micropollutants in drinking-water, called Health-related indicator value (HRIV), was developed by the German Environment Agency (UBA). This concept helped to derive a HRIV for substances, for which limited amounts of toxicological data are available. Depending on the effect induced a HRIV between 0.1 to 3.0 μg/l is assigned. Since then an increasing number of trace substances was found in drinking-water. These chemicals had to be evaluated, because they were found in drinking-water. Genotoxicity, neurotoxicity and endocrine effects were considered to be the most important effects. Using neurotoxicity as a pars pro toto we herein describe the in vitro methods applied for assessing possible neurotoxicity. Materials & Methods: 20 substances were tested for possible effects on necrosis and cell morphology, induction of ROS and apoptosis (Figure1). This was tested in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and in HepG2 cells as a reference. Seven substances that had stronger effects on SH-SY5Y cells were considered to be potentially neurotoxic and thus additional tests specific for neural cells were performed in a second tier. These tests are: content of neuron specific enolase (NSE), neurite outgrowth assay and assessment of morphology of primary human astrocytes. Results and Conclusions: For five out of seven substances showing potentially neurotoxic effects in the first tier, these effects could be proven by applying the second tier of tests. Dichlorvos was most effective in neuroblastoma cells whereas very low concentrations of atrazine and nonylphenol resulted in morphological changes in primary human astrocytes. Our tests indicate that the neurotoxic potential of chemicals can have different effects in different neural cells. It is therefore necessary to perform several tests for obtaining reliable results. After testing 20 substances, seven were considered potentially neurotoxic. The assumption was supported in five substances by the specific set of tests. We therefore conclude, that our tiered approach introduced here, provides us with reliable results. Nevertheless, a follow-up project was initiated for further improvements.

Ron Tolmie is a Physicist who has been examining the practical applications of exergy storage to accumulate heat and electricity at the times when they are individually abundant and to return the stored energy at times when the energy demand is high. That has required the development of physical systems that can concurrently store energy in both forms and the analysis of the impact of such systems for energy applications that are highly interactive but that are commonly treated as if they were independent issues

Buildings can store summer heat in the ground for use in the winter, and if a heat pump is used to bring the storage temperature to the value needed for HVAC systems then the system can be designed to store electricity as well as heat. The heat pump can be operated at times when power is most available, achieving a grid demand shift that is equivalent to using batteries to store the electricity. Moreover, the ability to store electricity makes it possible to utilize the excess hydro power that can be produced during the spring runoff, it can reduce the total grid demand, it can reduce the electricity loss related to distribution, and it enables the ponding storage capacity of run-of-river hydro stations to be repurposed so that the system returns the stored energy in the form of electricity. The thermal storage can store cold as well as heat so it works for both cooling and heating (and for domestic hot water). Because we use a lot of energy for heating and cooling the secondary storage of electricity can be implemented on a large scale. In jurisdictions where hydro power is a significant contributor to the grid power supply the result can be the elimination of the use of fossil fuels for both baseload and peaking applications and the reduction or elimination of expensive alternatives like nuclear power. The ground store uses two concentric rings of borehole heat exchangers plus a heat pump that draws heat out of the outer ring and moves it to the inner zone. Because the outer ring is below the ambient ground temperature the direction of the net flow of heat is into the store so it does not lose heat. It provides both long term (inter-seasonal) and short term storage. Conceptually the use of thermal storage instead of fossil fuels for heating and cooling in Ontario could reduce the electricity demand by about 50%, would increase the generation from the existing hydro stations, could eliminate the use of natural gas for both heating and power generation and could reduce or eliminate the need for nuclear power in Ontario.

W P Sokeland has qualified for his PhD from the University of Florida and returned to participate in the Skylab project at McDonald Douglas. He enjoys internet research concerning the impact of supernova and nova debris streams on the planet earth. He is offering numerous papers for publication and since currently no one believes supernova and nova debris streams impact our planet, he is the sole source of his chosen topic. His Supernova and Nova Impact Theory, SNIT, predicts current actions of debris streams that have significant impact on the theories of heating and cooling for our planet. The question, where is the energy coming from that causes global warming? has been answered by the SNIT. 

Introduction: Correlation of megafauna extinctions and mega-biosphere disturbances with past supernova explosions has been accomplished by considering a time correction for supernova debris traveling at 87.54% of light speed. Supernova W44 is responsible for the Piora Oscillation which appears to be the biblical event of Noah's Flood. The closest supernova explosion, Vela Jr at 652 light-years, gives the greatest historical human disaster, The Black Death. When supernova debris energy input occurs in northern or southern hemisphere it causes heating (Global Warming) in the northern or southern hemisphere, respectively. Long term cooling occurs in the northern hemisphere when the incoming debris impacts only the southern hemisphere for hundreds of years, Little Ice Age. Escape from last ice age results due to melting of numerous supernova impacts showing time of impact by changing sea level. Statement of the Problem: The earth’s atmosphere is experience changes that are causing deaths due to pollution from debris streams from exploding stars, nova and supernova. The debris streams also cause global warming. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: By knowing the distance to the remnant of the nova and supernova, the time the explosion occurred and the velocity of the debris stream, an approximate year of arrival at planet earth can be calculated. By searching the internet, biosphere disturbances are found at approximately the same time of the arrival of the debris streams. Findings: Numerous biosphere disturbances have been correlated with the arrival time of nova and supernova explosions over past centuries. These include megafauna extinctions, the Piora Oscillation or Noah’s Flood, the Black Death, northern and southern hemisphere global warming and the end of an ice age due to melting by numerous supernova impacts being correlated with the timing of changing sea levels. Conclusion & Significance: The current trend for global warming specialist to blame fossil fuels and CO2 for the increase of planetary temperatures may be incorrect and the true source of our current global warming is due to debris impact streams

from nova WZ Sagittae, SN 1054 and SN 1006. The incentive to inhibit the fossil fuel industry could be changed to design a mechanism or system to stop the incoming particle stream for exploding stars to protect living organisms on our planet. 

W P Sokeland has qualified for his PhD from the University of Florida and returned to participate in the Skylab project at McDonald Douglas. He enjoys internet research concerning the impact of supernova and nova debris streams on the planet earth. He is offering numerous papers for publication and since currently no one believes supernova and nova debris streams impact our planet, he is the sole source of his chosen topic. His Supernova and Nova Impact Theory, SNIT, predicts current actions of debris streams that have significant impact on the theories of heating and cooling for our planet. The question, where is the energy coming from that causes global warming? has been answered by the SNIT. 

Introduction: Correlation of megafauna extinctions and mega-biosphere disturbances with past supernova explosions has been accomplished by considering a time correction for supernova debris traveling at 87.54% of light speed. Supernova W44 is responsible for the Piora Oscillation which appears to be the biblical event of Noah's Flood. The closest supernova explosion, Vela Jr at 652 light-years, gives the greatest historical human disaster, The Black Death. When supernova debris energy input occurs in northern or southern hemisphere it causes heating (Global Warming) in the northern or southern hemisphere, respectively. Long term cooling occurs in the northern hemisphere when the incoming debris impacts only the southern hemisphere for hundreds of years, Little Ice Age. Escape from last ice age results due to melting of numerous supernova impacts showing time of impact by changing sea level. Statement of the Problem: The earth’s atmosphere is experience changes that are causing deaths due to pollution from debris streams from exploding stars, nova and supernova. The debris streams also cause global warming. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: By knowing the distance to the remnant of the nova and supernova, the time the explosion occurred and the velocity of the debris stream, an approximate year of arrival at planet earth can be calculated. By searching the internet, biosphere disturbances are found at approximately the same time of the arrival of the debris streams. Findings: Numerous biosphere disturbances have been correlated with the arrival time of nova and supernova explosions over past centuries. These include megafauna extinctions, the Piora Oscillation or Noah’s Flood, the Black Death, northern and southern hemisphere global warming and the end of an ice age due to melting by numerous supernova impacts being correlated with the timing of changing sea levels. Conclusion & Significance: The current trend for global warming specialist to blame fossil fuels and CO2 for the increase of planetary temperatures may be incorrect and the true source of our current global warming is due to debris impact streams

from nova WZ Sagittae, SN 1054 and SN 1006. The incentive to inhibit the fossil fuel industry could be changed to design a mechanism or system to stop the incoming particle stream for exploding stars to protect living organisms on our planet.