3^rd Annual Congress on Pollution and Global Warming October 16-18, 2017 Atlanta,Georgia, USA

Melvin L Myers is an Engineer who served as a US Public Health Service Officer in the Environmental Protection Agency at its creation and for 10 years thereafter and at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for 20 years. He is an Adjunct Associate Professor at Emory University where he taught Environmental and Occupational Health Policy for 25 years. During 2006-2014, he held the position of Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health as a Research Engineer at the University of Kentucky where he was a Principle Investigator for Aquacultural Safety and Health project. He currently holds a courtesy appointment at the University of Florida and is engaged on a seafood worker safety and health project. 

Global warming is a serious and grave societal issue and its scientific basis is well established. The core problem is emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as CO2. Bowtie analysis provides an overarching visual representation that associates and communicates the causes of the global warming hazard with its effects. It focuses on global warming as a risk event caused by the threat of anthropomorphic GHG emissions. Multiple threats are tied to multiple consequences at a nexus point at the center of the Bowtie. The threats include emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O and CFCs into the troposphere. A short list of consequences includes increased atmospheric heat, rising oceans, weather extremes and epidemics. Mitigation strategies such as innovations for the creative destruction of GHG emitting technologies are mapped against lines that connect the threats to the global warming risk event at the center. Likewise, adaptation strategies such as building resilient structures are mapped onto the lines that connect the risk event to its consequences. Factors that escalate the problem of global warming are considered as tangential to the success of the strategies such as the threat of the denial of global warming and its consequences. 

Essam E Khalil is the Associate Professor of Mech Engineering in (1982). He is the Chairman of the National Ventilation Code Committee in (2005). He is the Consultant Editor of the Arabic Program of McGraw Hill Book Company (1983-1988). He is the Ashare Director –At-Large, USA, 2016-2019. 

In this paper, research on developing air conditioning systems in playground zone of stadium by employing several kinds of technologies to cool the outdoor spaces. The most serious challenge of air conditioning in playground zone in stadium is difficult to control the temperature and humidity in the outdoor area and also the enormous energy needed by the cooling system to maintain thermal comfort conditions within the football playground area. The main task for the analyzed model was to ensure the better method to distribute air to achieve the human comfortable for players and reduce the cooling capacity of playground zone by covering this zone using a large sunshade to reduce the sun's rays and maintain the stadium's temperature. The technical aspect was addressed by developing an empirical mathematical model for the performance of stadium model. The system designed in Qatar stadium for conditioning and distribution air evaluates results by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code to determine the best way to distribute the air inlets and simulating the flows in air to overcome the high temperature and humidity to reach the human comfort. 

W P Sokeland has qualified for his PhD from the University of Florida and returned to participate in the Skylab project at McDonald Douglas. He enjoys internet research concerning the impact of supernova and nova debris streams on the planet earth. He is offering numerous papers for publication and since currently no one believes supernova and nova debris streams impact our planet, he is the sole source of his chosen topic. His Supernova and Nova Impact Theory, SNIT, predicts current actions of debris streams that have significant impact on the theories of heating and cooling for our planet. The question, where is the energy coming from that causes global warming? has been answered by the SNIT. 

Statement of the Problem: The earth’s atmosphere is currently experiencing changes that are caused by pollution from debris streams from exploding stars, nova and supernova. The debris streams also cause global warming. The closest nova WZ Sagittae has provided the additional energy to bring the northern hemisphere out of the Little Ice Age and form the shape of the Arctic ice cap through the past 100 years. Focused debris streams also add energy to our atmosphere at discreet locations and SN 1006 has caused the loss of life in India’s high temperatures for 2015 and 2016. SN 1006 also caused the extensive sea ice melt in Antarctica in November 2016. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: By knowing the distance to the remnant of the nova and supernova, the time the explosion occurred and the velocity of the debris stream, an approximate year of arrival at planet earth can be calculated. By searching the internet, biosphere disturbances are found at approximately the same time of the arrival of the nova and supernova debris streams for years 1933, 1966, 1998, 2007 and 2012. An Ideal terminus or focal point is modified due to passage through the solar magnetic field to correlate the high temperatures for India. Findings: Global warming effects have been correlated with the arrival time of nova and supernova explosions over the past

100 years. Conclusion & Significance: The current trend for global warming specialist to blame fossil fuels and CO2 for the increase of

planetary temperatures may be incorrect and the true source of our current global warming is due to debris impact streams from nova WZ Sagittae, SN 1054 and SN 1006. An additional incentive besides inhibiting the fossil fuel industry could be added to design a mechanism or system to stop the incoming particle stream from exploding stars to protect living organisms on our planet. Since President Trump wishes to remove the responsibility of global warming from the fossil fuel industry, it would be wise to identify supernova or nova explosions as the source of the additional energy being added to the planet that causes global warming. This is possible through the Supernova and Nova Impact Theory (SNIT) being presented.